INTERAKSI FISIKA BIOLOGI DI PERAIRAN LAUT

Penulis

  • Zan Zibar Penulis

Kata Kunci:

INTERAKSI FISIKA BIOLOGI DI PERAIRAN LAUT

Abstrak

Hingga beberapa dekade terakhir, kemajuan utama dalam memahami proses lautan sebagian besar mencerminkan perspektif disiplin ilmu yang lebih konvensional. Buku ini menarik perhatian pada area pemahaman baru yang muncul dalam interaksi biologis-fisik yang menggambarkan kekuatan konvergensi pendekatan kedua disiplin ilmu ini. Buku ini memuat informasi komprehensif dan terkini tentang dampak interaksi fisika biologi di lautan dari skala mikroskopis hingga global. mempertimbangkan pengaruh desakan fisik pada proses biologis di berbagai habitat laut termasuk muara pesisir, front patahan landas kontinen, pusaran samudra utama, terumbu karang, area upwelling pesisir, dan sistem upwelling ekuatorial menyelidiki perkembangan signifikan terkini dibidang yang berkembang pesat ini mencakup penelitian baru yang menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas jangka panjang dalam sirkulasi atmosfer global memengaruhi sirkulasi cekungan samudra, yang pada gilirannya membawa perubahan besar pada stok ikan. Ulasan buku ini membuka kemungkinan menarik untuk dapat memprediksi perubahan besar pada stok ikan global ditulis dengan gaya yang mudah dipahami dan jelas, buku teks ini merupakan bacaan penting bagi mahasiswa tingkat atas dan mahasiswa pascasarjana yang mempelajari ekologi laut dan oseanografi biologis. Harapan kedepanya bahwa buku seperti ini akan menjelaskan bagaimana pemahaman tentang hubungan interdisipliner biologi fisika kimia multiskala yang telah menjadi hal umum dalam menjawab pertanyaan penelitian dalam ilmu kelautan.

Referensi

Abelson, A., Miloh, T., and Loya, Y. (1993). Flow patterns induced by substrata and body morphologies of benthic organisms, and their roles in determining availability of food particles. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38, 1116–1124.

Adkins, J.F., Boyle, E.A., Keigwin, L., and Cortijo, E. (1997). Variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation during the last interglacial period. Nature 390, 154–156.

Ansa-Emmin, M. (1982). Fisheries in the CINECA region. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 180, 405–422.

Atmadipoera A.S., Kusmanto E, Purwandana A, Nurjaya I.W. (2015). Observation Of Coastal Front and Circulation in the Northeastern Java Sea, Indonesia. JITKT. 7 (1): 91-108.

Backus, R.H. and Bourne, D.W. (eds.) .(1987). Georges Bank. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. 593 pp.

Banse, K. and English, D.C. (1994). Seasonality of coastal zone color scanner phytoplankton pigment in the offshore oceans. J. Geophys. Res. 99 (C4), 7323–7345.

Barber, R.T. and Smith, R.L. (1981). Coastal upwelling ecosystems. In Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (ed. A.R. Longhurst), pp. 31–68. Academic Press, New York.

Barton, E.D., Huyer, A., and Smith, R.L. (1977). Temporal variation observed in the hydrographic regime near Cabo Corbeiro in the northwest African upwelling region, February to April 1974. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 7–24.

Behrenfeld, M.J. and Falkowski, P.G. (1997). Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1–20.

Behrenfeld, M.J. and Kolber, Z.S. (1999). Widespread iron limitation of phytoplankton in the South Pacific Ocean. Science 283, 840–843.

Behrenfeld, M.J., Esaias, W.E., and Turpie, K. (2002). Assessment of primary production at the global scale. In Phytoplankton Productivity: Carbon Assimilation in Marine and Fresh water Ecosystems (ed. P.J.Le B. Williams, D.N. Thomas, and C.S. Reynolds), pp.156–186. Blackwell Science, Oxford.

Bienfang, P.K., Syper, J., and Laws, E. (1983). Sinking rate and pigment responses to light limitation of a marine diatom: implications to dynamics of chlorophyll maximum layers. Oceanol. Acta 6, 55–62.

Bigelow, H.B. (1927). Physical oceanography of the Gulf of Maine. Bull. US Bureau Fisheries 40, 511–1027.

Bissett, W.P. and 6 other authors .(2001). Resolving the impacts and feedback of ocean optics on upper ocean ecology. Oceanography 14, 30–53.

Blackburn, M. (1981). Low latitude gyral regions. In Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (ed. A.R. Longhurst), pp. 3–30. Academic Press, New York.

Boje, R. and Tomczak, M. (eds.) .(1978). Upwelling Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 303 pp.

Boudreau, B., Simard, Y., and Bourget, E. (1991). Behavioural response of the planktonic stages of the American lobster Homarus americanus to thermal gradients, and ecological implications. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 76, 13–23.

Boudreau, B., Simard, Y., and Bourget, E. (1992). Influence of a thermocline on vertical dis tribution and settlement of post-larvae of the American lobster Homarus americanus Milne Edwards. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 162, 35–49.

Bouman, H.A., Platt, T., Sathyendranath, S., Irwin, B.D., Wernand, M.R., and Kraay, G.W. (2000). Bio-optical properties of the subtropical North Atlantic. II. Relevance to models of primary production. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 200, 19–34.

Bousfield, E.L. (1955). Ecological control of the occurrence of barnacles in the Miramichi Estuary. Bull. Nat. Mus. Can. 137, 1–69.

Bowers, D.G. and Simpson, J.H. (1987). Mean position of tidal fronts in European-shelf seas. Continental Shelf Res. 7, 35–44.

Bowman M.J. (1978). Spreading and mixing of the Hudson River effluent into the News York Bight. In: Hydrodynamics of Estuaries and Fjords, Proceedings of the 9th International Liege Colloquium on Ocean Hydrodynamics, pp 373-386.

Bowman MJ, Iverson R.L. (1977). Estuarine and plume fronts. In: Bowman MJ, Esaias WE (eds) Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg, New York, pp87-104.

Bowman, M.J. and Iverson, R.L. (1978). Estuarine and plume fronts. In: M. Bowman and W. Esaias (Editors). Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes. Springer. Berlin, pp.87-104.

Boyd, P.W. and 34 other authors. (2000). A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization. Nature 407, 695–702.

Breaker, L.C., Kelley, J.G.W., Burroughs, L.D., Miller, J.L., Balasubramaniyan, B., and Zaitzeff, J.B. (1999). The impact of a high discharge event on the structure and evolution of the Chesapeake Bay plume, based on model results. J. Mar. Environ. Eng. 5, 311–349.

Brezinski, M.A., Phillips, D.R., Chavez, F.P., Friederich, G.E., and Dugdale, R.C. (1997). Silica production in the Monterey, California, upwelling system. Limnol. Oceanogr. 42, 1694–1705.

Budyko, M.I. (1974). Climate and Life. Academic Press, New York. 508 pp

Bumpus, D.F. (1976). Review of the physical oceanography of George’s Bank. ICNAF Res. Bull. 12, 119–134.

Bundy, M.H., Gross, T.F., Vanderploeg, H.A., and Strickler, J.R. (1988). Perception of inert particles by calanoid copepods: behavioural observations and a numerical model. J. Plankton. Res. 20, 2129–2152.

Butman, C.A. (1986). Larval settlement of soft-sediment invertebrates: some predictions based on an analysis of near-bottom profiles. In Marine Interfaces Ecohydrodynamics (ed. J.C.J. Nihoul), pp. 487–513. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Carss DN, Brito AC, Chainho P, Ciutat A, de Montaudouin X, Fernández Otero RM, Filgueira MI, Garbutt A, Goedknegt MA, Lynch SA, Mahony KE, Maire O, Malham SK, Orvain F, van der Schatte Olivier A, Jones L. (2020). Ecosystem services provided by a non-cultured shellfish species: The common cockle Cerastoderma edule. Mar Environ Res. 158:104931.

Chavez, F.P. and Barber, R.T. (1987). An estimate of new production in the equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. 34A, 1229–1243.

Chavez, F.P. and Smith, S.L. (1995). Biological and chemical consequences of open ocean upwelling. In Upwelling in the oceans: Modern processes and ancient records (ed. C.P. Summerhayes, K.-C. Emeis, M.V. Angel, R.L. Smith, and B. Zeitschel), pp 149–170. Wiley, New York.

Chisholm, S.W., Olson, R.J., Zettler, E.R., Goericke, R., Waterbury, J.B., and Welschmeyer, N.A. (1988). A novel free-living prochlorophyte abundant in the oceanic euphotic zone. Nature 334, 340–343.

Chisholm, S.W. and 7 other authors .(1992). Prochlorococcus marinus nov. gen. nov. sp.: an oxyphototropic marine prokaryote containing divinyl chlorophyll a and b. Arch. Microbiol. 157, 297–300.

Cullen, J.J. (1991). Hypotheses to explain high-nutrient conditions in the open sea. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 1578–1599.

Cushing, D.H. (1968). Grazing by herbivorous copepods in the sea. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 32, 70–82.

Chapman, D.C. and Lentz, S.J. (1994). Trapping of a coastal density front by the bottom boundary layer. J. Phys. Oceanog. 24, 1464–1479.

Chen, C. and Beardsley, R.C. (1998). Tidal mixing and cross-frontal particle exchange over a finite amplitude asymmetric bank: a model study with application to Georges Bank. J. Mar. Res. 56, 1163–1201.

Chisholm, S.W. (2000). Stirring times in the Southern Ocean. Nature 407, 685–687.

Cloern, J.E. (1991). Tidal stirring and phytoplankton bloom dynamics in an estuary. J. Mar. Res. 49, 203–221.

Csanady, G.T. (1981). Circulation in the coastal ocean. Adv. Geophys. 23, 101–183.

Codispoti, L.A. and Friederich, G.E. (1978). Local and mesoscale influences on nutrient vari ability in the northwest African upwelling region near Cabo Corbeiro. Deep-Sea Res. 25, 751–770.

Cushing, D.H. (1971). Upwelling and the production of fish. Adv. Mar. Biol. 9, 255–334.

Dade, W.B. (1993). Near-bed turbulence and hydrodynamic control of diffusional mass trans fer at the sea floor. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38, 52–69.

Dalton, R. (2002). Ocean tests raise doubts over use of algae as carbon sink. Nature 420, 722.

Dandonneau, Y. (1988). Seasonal or aperiodic cessation of oligotrophy in the tropical Pacific Ocean. In Towards a Theory on Biological–Physical Interactions in the World Ocean (ed. B.J. Rothschild), pp. 137–156. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

De Madariaga, I., Gonzalez-Azpiri, L., Villate, F., and Orive, E. (1992). Plankton responses to hydrological changes induced by freshets in a shallow mesotidal estuary. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 35, 425–434.

Denny, M. (1999). Are there mechanical limits to size in wave-swept organisms? J. Exp. Biol. 202, 3463–3467.

Dietrich, G. (1950). Die anomale Jahresschwankung des Wärmeinhalts im englischen Kanal, ihre Ursachen und Auswirkungen. Deutsche Hydrograph. Zeit. 3(3-4), 184–201. doi:10.1007/bf02026790

Drinkwater, K.F. (1986). On the role of freshwater outflow on coastal ecosystems – A work shop summary. In The Role of Freshwater Outflow in Coastal Marine Ecosystems (ed. S. Skreslet), pp. 429–438. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Dugdale, R.C. and Goering, J.J. (1967). Uptake of new and regenerated forms of nitrogen in primary productivity. Limnol. Oceanogr. 12, 196–206.

Dugdale, R.C., Wilkerson, F.P., and Minas, H.J. (1995). The role of a silicate pump in driving new production. Deep-Sea Res. I 42, 697–719.

Durand, Fabien; Piecuch, Christopher G.; Becker, Mélanie; Papa, Fabrice; Raju, Sherin V.; Khan, Jamal U.; Ponte, Rui M. (2019). Impact of Continental Freshwater Runoff on Coastal Sea Level. Surveys in Geophysics, (), –. doi:10.1007/s10712-019-09536-w

Dyer, K. (1973). Estuaries: a Physical Introduction. Wiley, London.

Eppley, R.W., Renger, E.H., and Harrison, W.G. (1979). Nitrate and phytoplankton production in southern California waters. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24, 483–494.

Eppley, R.W. and Peterson, B.J. (1979). Particulate organic matter flux and planktonic new production in the deep ocean. Nature 282, 677–680.

Falkowski, P.G. and Wirick, C.D. (1981). A simulation model of the effects of vertical mix ing on primary productivity. Mar. Biol. 65, 69–75.

Falkowski, P.G. (1995). Ironing out what controls primary production in the nutrient rich waters of the open ocean. Global Change Biol. 1, 161–163.

Finnigan J.(2000). Turbulence in plant canopies. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 32:519–571.

Fortier, L. and Leggett, W.C. (1982). Fickian transport and the dispersal of fish larvae in estuaries. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 39, 1150–1163

Fortier, L. and Leggett, W.C. (1983). Vertical migrations and transport of larval fish in a partially mixed estuary. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40, 1543–1555.

Fournier, R.O. (1978). Biological aspects of the Nova Scotian shelf break fronts. In Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes (ed. M.J. Bowman and W.E. Esaias), pp. 69–77. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Fransz, H.G. and Gieskes, W.W.C. (1984). The unbalance of phytoplankton and copepods in the North Sea. Rapp. P.-v Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 183, 218–225.

Frechette, M., Butman, C.A., and Geyer, W.R. (1989). The importance of boundary-layer f lows in supplying phytoplankton to the benthic suspension feeder Mytilus edulis L. Limnol. Oceanogr. 34, 19–36.

Gargett, A.E. (1984). Vertical eddy diffusivity in the ocean interior. J. Mar. Res. 42, 359–393.

Garrett, C.J.R. and Loder, J.W. (1981). Dynamical aspects of shallow-sea fronts. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. A 302, 562–581.

Gallegos, C.L. and Platt, T. (1982). Phytoplankton production and water motion in surface mixed layers. Deep-Sea Res. 29A, 65–76.

Gaylord, B., Blanchette, C.A., and Denny, M.W. (1994). Mechanical consequences of size in wave-swept algae. Ecol. Monogr. 64, 287–313.

Gaylord, B. (1999). Detailing agents of physical disturbance: wave-induced velocities and accelerations on a rocky shore. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 239, 85–124.

Gerritsen, J. and Strickler, J.R. (1977). Encounter probabilities and community structure in zooplankton: a mathematical model. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34, 73–82.

Ghisalberti M, Nepf H. (2006). The structure of the shear layer in flows over rigid and flexible canopies. Environ Fluid Mech 6:277–301.

Gilbert, P S., Lee, T N and Podesta, G P. (1996). Transport of anomalous low-salinity waters from the Mississippi River flood of 1993 to the Straits of Florida Cont. Shelf Res 16, 8 p 1065 1085.

Gill, A.E. (1982). Atmosphere–Ocean Dynamics. International Geophysics Series 30. Academic Press, New York.

Gowen, R.J., Stewart, B.M., Mills, D.K., and Elliott, P. (1995). Regional differences in stratification and its effect on phytoplankton production and biomass is the northwest ern Irish Sea. J. Plankton Res. 17, 753–769.

Graham, J.J. (1972). Retention of larval herring within the Sheepscot estuary of Maine. Fish. Bull. 70, 299–305.

Gran, H.H. (1931). On the conditions for the production of plankton in the sea. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 75, 37–46.

Gries, T., John, K., Fields, D., and Strickler, J.R. (1999). Size and structure of “footprints” pro duced by Daphnia: impact of animal size and density gradients. J. Plankt. Res. 21, 509–523.

Grindley, J.R. (1964). On the effect of low-salinity water on the vertical migration of estu arine zooplankton. Nature 203, 781–782.

Gundersen, J.K. and Jørgensen, B.B. (1990). Microstructure of diffusive boundary layers and the oxygen uptake of the sea floor. Nature 345, 604–607.

Harrison, P.J., Boyd, P.W., Varela, D.E., Takeda, S., Shiomoto, A., and Odate, T. (1999). Comparison of factors controlling phytoplankton productivity in the NE and NW sub arctic Pacific gyres. Prog. Oceanogr. 43, 205–234.

Herbland, A. and Voituriez, B. (1979). Hydrological structure analysis for estimating the primary production in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 37, 87–101.

Hill AE, Simpson JH .(1989). On the interaction of thermal and haline fronts: the Islay front revisited. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 28:495-505

Houghton, R.W. (1997). Lagrangian flow at the foot of a shelfbreak front using a dye tracer injected into the bottom boundary layer. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24, 2035–2038.

Houghton, R.W. and Visbeck, M. (1998). Upwelling and convergence in the Middle Atlantic Bight shelfbreak front. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2765–2768.

Huntsman, S.A. and Barber, R.T. (1977). Primary production off northwest Africa: the rela tionship to wind and nutrient conditions. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 25–33.

Hurd C. (2000). Water motion, marine macroalgal physiology, and production. J Phycol 36:453–472.

Huzzey LM .(1982). The dynamics of a bathymetrically arrested estuarine front. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 15:537-552.

Isemer, H.J. and Hasse, L. (1987). The Bunker Climate Atlas of the North Atlantic Ocean, Vol. 2: Air–Sea Interactions. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Jamart, B.M., Winter, D.F., Banse, K., Anderson, G.C., and Lam, R.K. (1977). A theoretical study of phytoplankton growth and nutrient distribution in the Pacific Ocean of the north west U.S. coast. Deep-Sea Res. 24, 753–773.

Jamart, B.M., Winter, D.F., and Banse, K. (1979). Sensitivity analysis of a mathematical model of phytoplankton growth and nutrient distribution in the Pacific Ocean off the north west US coast. J. Plankton Res. 1, 267–290.

James ID .(1984). A three-dimensional numerical shelf-sea front model with variable eddy viscosity and diffusivity. Con Shelf Res 3(1):69-98.

Jerlov, N.J. (1976). Marine Optics. Elsevier Oceanography Series 14. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Johnson, D.R., Weidemann, A., Arnone, R., and Davis, C.O. (2001). Chesapeake Bay outflow plume and coastal upwelling events, physical and optical properties. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (C6), 11613–11622.

Joint, I. and Groom, S.B. (2000). Estimation of phytoplankton production from space: current status and future potential of satellite remote sensing. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 250, 233–255.

Jones, B.H. and Halpern, D. (1981). Biological and physical aspects of a coastal upwelling event observed during March–April 1974 off northwest Africa. Deep-Sea Res. 28A, 71–81.

Jones, R., Flynn, K.J., and Anderson, T. (2002). The effect of food quality on carbon and nitrogen growth efficiency in Acartia tonsa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 235, 147–156.

Jørgensen, B.B. and Revsbech, N.P. (1985). Diffusive boundary layers and the oxygen uptake of sediments and detritus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 30, 111–122.

Kim SH, Rho HK, Choi CM. (1998). A study of the hydrographic conditions and tidal front on the northern coastal area of Cheju Island. J Korean Fish Soc 31(3):437-446

King, F.D. and Devol, A.H. (1979). Estimates of vertical eddy diffusion through the thermocline from phytoplankton nitrate uptake rates in the mixed layer of the eastern tropical Pacific. Limnol. Oceanogr. 24, 645–651.

Koehl, M.A.R. (1986). Seaweeds in moving water: form and mechanical function. In On the Economy of Plant Form and Function (ed. T.J. Givnish), pp. 603–634. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Koehl, M.A.R. (1999). Ecological biomechanics of benthic organisms: life history, mechan ical design and temporal patterns of mechanical stress. J. Exp. Biol. 202, 3469–3476.

Koseff, J.R., Holen, J.K., Monismith, S.G., and Cloern, J.E. (1993). Coupled effect of vertical mixing and benthic grazing on phytoplankton populations in shallow, turbid estuaries. J. Mar. Res. 51, 843–868.

Krauss, W. (1993). Ekman drift in homogeneous water. J. Geophys. Res. 98, 20187–20209.

Kumar, N. and 6 other authors (1995). Increased biological productivity and export production in the glacial southern ocean. Nature 378, 675–680.

Lancelot, C., Hannon, E., Becquevort, S., Veth, C., and De Baar, H.J.W. (2000). Modeling phytoplankton blooms and carbon export production in the Southern Ocean: dominant controls by light and iron in the Atlantic sector in Austral spring 1992. Deep-Sea Res. I 47, 1621–1662.

Lawler, J.P., Weinstein, M.P., Chen, H.Y., and Englert, T.L. (1988). Modeling of physical and behavioral mechanisms influencing recruitment of spot and Atlantic croaker to the Cape Fear estuary. Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. 3, 115–131.

LeBlond, P.H., Hickey, B.M., and Thompson, R.E. (1986). Runoff-driven coastal flow off British Columbia. In The Role of Freshwater Outflow in Coastal Marine Ecosystems (ed. S. Skreslet), pp. 309–318. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Lee JC .(1983). Characteristics of front near the Cheju Strait in early winter. Bull Korean Fish Soc 16(2):51-58.

Leetmaa, A., McCreary, J.P., and Moore, D.W. (1981). Equatorial currents: observations and theory. In Evolution of Physical Oceanography (ed. B.A. Warren and C. Wunsch), pp. 186–196. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Le Fèvre, J. and Frontier, S. (1988). Influence of temporal characteristics of physical phe nomena on plankton dynamics, as shown by northwest European marine ecosystems. In Towards a Theory on Biological–Physical Interactions in the World Ocean (ed. B.J. Rothschild), pp. 245–272. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Lewis, M.R., Cullen, J.J., and Platt, T. (1984a). Relationships between vertical mixing and photoadaptation of phytoplankton: similarity criteria. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 15, 141–149.

Lewis, M.R., Horne, E.P.W., Cullen, J.J., Oakey, N.S., and Platt, T. (1984b). Turbulent motions may control phytoplankton photosynthesis in the upper ocean. Nature 311, 49–50.

Loder, J.W. and Greenberg, D.A. (1986). Predicted positions of tidal fronts in the Gulf of Maine region. Cont. Shelf Res. 6, 397–414.

Longhurst, A.R. (1981). Significance of spatial variability. In Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (ed. A.R. Longhurst), pp. 415–441. Academic Press, London.

Longhurst, A.R. and Harrison, W.C. (1989). The biological pump: profiles of plankton pro duction and consumption in the upper ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 22, 47–123.

Longhurst, A.R. (1998). Ecological Geography of the Sea. Academic Press, San Diego. 398 pp

Longhurst, A., Sathyendranath, S., Platt, T., and Caverhill, C. (1995). An estimate of global primary production in the ocean from satellite radiometer data. J. Plankton Res. 17, 1245–1271.

Lucas, L.V., Cloern, J.E., Koseff, J.R., Monismith, S.G., and Thompson, J.K. (1998). Does the Sverdrup critical depth model explain bloom dynamics in estuaries? J. Mar. Res. 56, 375–415.

Lucas, L.V., Koseff, J.R., Cloern, J.E., Monismith, G., and Thompson, J.K. (1999). Processes governing phytoplankton blooms in estuaries. 1: The local production–loss balance. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 187, 1–15.

Lund-Hansen LC, Vang T. (2003). Development of a coastal upwelling front driven by advection a topographic effects in the North Sea-Baltic Sea transition. Oceanol Acta 26:577-584.

MacKenzie, B.R., Miller, T.J., Cry, S., and Leggett, W.C. (1994). Evidence for a dome-shaped relationship between turbulence and larval fish ingestion rates. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39, 1790–1799.

MacKenzie, B.R. and Leggett, W.C. (1991). Quantifying the contribution of small-scale turbulence to the encounter rates between larval fish and their zooplankton prey: effect of wind and tide. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 73, 149–160.

Mann K.H & Lazier J.R.N. (2006). Dynamics of Marine Ecosystems: Biological-Physical Interactions in the Oceans 3rd ed. Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.

Martin, J.H. (1990). Glacial–interglacial CO2 exchange: the iron hypothesis. Paleoceanogr. 5, 1–13.

Martin, J.H. and 43 other authors. (1994). Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific ocean. Nature 371, 123–129.

Martin, J.H., Knauer, G.A., Karl, D.M., and Broenkow, W.W. (1987). VERTEX: carbon cycling in the northeast Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. 34A, 267–285.

Martin, J.H. and Fitzwater, S.E. (1988). Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the north-east Pacific subarctic. Nature 331, 341–343.

Marshall, S.M. and Orr, A.P. (1928). The photosynthesis of diatom cultures in the sea. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 15, 321–364.

Marra, J. (1978). Effect of short-term variations in light intensity on photosynthesis of a marine phytoplankter: a laboratory simulation study. Mar. Biol. 46, 191–202.

Marra, J., Houghton, R.W., and Garside, C. (1990). Phytoplankton growth at the shelf-break front in the Middle Atlantic Bight. J. Mar. Res. 48, 851–868.

Mathisen, O.A., Thorne, R.E., Trumble, R.J., and Blackburn, M. (1978). Food consumption of pelagic fish in an upwelling area. In Upwelling Ecosystems (ed. R. Boje and M. Tomczak), pp. 111–123. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Mavor, T.P. and Bisagni, J.J. (2001). Seasonal variability of sea-surface temperature fronts on Georges Bank. Deep-Sea Res. II 48, 215–243.

McCarthy, J.J. (2002). Biological responses to nutrients. In The Sea, Vol. 12: Biological Physical Interactions in the Sea (ed. A.R. Robinson, J.J. McCarthy, and B.J. Rothschild), pp. 219–244. Wiley, New York.

McClimans, T.A. (1986). Laboratory modelling of dynamic processes in fjords and shelf waters. In The Role of Freshwater Outflow in Coastal Marine Ecosystems (ed. S. Skreslet), pp. 67–84. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Mead, K.S. and Denny, M.W. (1995). The effect of hydrodynamic shear stress on fertiliza tion and early development of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Biol. Bull. Mar. Lab. Woods Hole 188, 46–56.

Mommaerts, J.P., Pichot, G., Ozer, J., Adam, Y., and Baeyens, W. (1984). Nitrogen cycling and budget in Belgian coastal waters: North Sea areas with and without river inputs. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 183, 57–69.

Monismith SG .(2007). Hydrodynamics of coral reefs. Annu Rev Fluid Mech 39:37–55.

Moore, J.K., Doney, S.C., Kleypas, J.A., Glover, D.M., and Fung, I.Y. (2002a). An inter mediate complexity marine ecosystem model for the global domain. Deep-Sea Res. II 49, 403–462.

Moore, J.K., Doney, S.C., Glover, D.M., and Fung, I.Y. (2002b). Iron cycling and nutrient limitation patterns in surface waters of the world ocean. Deep-Sea Res. II 49, 463–507.

Mooers CNK, Flagg CN, Boicourt WC .(1978). Prograde and retrograde fronts. In: Bowman JM, Esaias WE (eds) Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 43-58

Morel, F.M.M., Rueter, J.G., and Price, N.M. (1991). Iron nutrition of phytoplankton and its possible importance in the ecology of ocean regions with high nutrients and low biomass. Oceanography 4, 56–61.

Müller-Navara, S. and Mittelstaedt, E. (1985). Schadstoffbereitung and Schadstoffbelastung in der Nordsee. Eine Medellstudie. Deutsches Hydrographisches Institut, Hamburg. 50 pp.

Muschenheim, D.K. (1987). The role of hydrodynamic sorting of seston in the nutrition of a benthic suspension feeder, Spio setosa (Polychaeta: Spionidae). Biol. Oceanogr. 4, 265–288.

Munk, W. and Riley, G.A. (1952). Absorption of nutrients by aquatic plants. J. Mar. Res. 11, 215–240.

Narayanan C, Garvine RW (2002) Formation of a shelfbreak front by freshwater discharge. Dyn Atmos Oceans 36:103 124

Nihoul J.C.J & Jamart B.M. (1988). Small-Scale Turbulence And Mixing In The Ocean. Elsevier Science Publishing Company INC. 52 : Vanderbilt Avenue New York

Nurjaya IW. (2000). Behavior of Low Salinity Water Near The Mouth of Tokyo Bay [Disertasi]. Tokyo (JP): Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Fisheries.

Norcross, J.J. and Stanley, E.M. (1967). Inferred surface and bottom drift, June 1963 through October 1964: circulation of shelf waters off the Chesapeake Bight. Prof. Pap. Environ. Sci. Serv. Admin. 3, 11–42.

Norcross, B.L. (1991). Estuarine recruitment mechanisms of larval Atlantic croakers. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 120, 673–683.

Nunes Vas, R.A. (1994). Turbulence closure model of estuarine stratification. J. Geophys. Res. 99, 16143–16160.

Oakey, N.S. and Elliott, J.A. (1980). Dissipation in the mixed layer near Emerald Basin. In Marine Turbulence (ed. J.C.J. Nihoul), pp. 123–133. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Obata, A., Ishizaka, J., and Endoh, M. (1996). Global verification of critical depth theory for phytoplankton bloom with climatological in situ temperature and satellite ocean color data. J. Geophys. Res. 101 (C9), 20657–20667.

Okubo, A. (1987). Fantastic voyage into the deep: marine biofluid mechanics. In Math ematical Topics in Population Biology, Morphogenesis and Neurosciences (ed. E. Teromoto and M. Yamaguti), pp. 32–47. Springer-Verlag, New York.

Oonishi Y, Harashima A, Kunishi H .(1978). The characteristics of a front formed by cooling of the sea surface and inflow of the fresh water. J Oceanogr Soc Japan 34:17-23

Ortner, P.B., Wiebe, P.H., and Cox, J.L. (1980). Relationships between oceanic epizooplankton distributions and the seasonal deep chlorophyll maximum in the northwest Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Res. 38, 507–531.

Ortner, P.B., Wiebe, P.H., and Cox, J.L. (1981). Reply to “Do oceanic zooplankton aggre gate at, or near, the deep chlorophyll maximum?” J. Mar. Res. 39, 357–359.

O’Reilly, J.E., Evans-Zetlin, C., and Thomas, J.P. (1981). The relationship between surface and average water column concentrations of chlorophyll-a in northwestern Atlantic shelf water. ICES CM 1981/L17. 19 pp.

O’Reilly, J.E. and Busch, D.A. (1984). Phytoplankton primary production on the northwest Atlantic shelf. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 183, 255–268.

Osborn, T.R. (1978). Measurements of energy dissipation adjacent to an island. J. Geophys. Res. 83, 2939–2957.

Osborn, T.R. (1980). Estimates of the local rate of vertical diffusion from dissipation measurements. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 10, 83–89.

Palomera, I. and Rubies, P. (1982). Kinds and distribution of fish eggs and larvae off north west Africa in April/May 1973. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 180, 356–358.

Pape, E.H. and Garvine, R.W. (1982). The subtidal circulation in Delaware Bay and adja cent shelf waters. J. Geophys. Res. 87, 7955–7970.

Partensky, F., Hess, W.R., and Vaulot, D. (1999). Prochlorococcus, a marine photosynthetic prokaryote of global significance. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 63, 106–127.

Patterson, M.R., Sebens, K.P., and Olson, R.R. (1991). In situ measurements of flow effects on primary production and dark respiration in reef corals. Limnol. Oceanogr. 36, 936–948.

Pawlik, J.R. and Butman, C.A. (1993). Settlement of a marine tube worm as a function of current velocity: interacting effects of hydrodynamics and behavior. Limnol. Oceanogr. 38, 1730–1740.

Pile, A.J. and Young, C.M. (1999). Plankton availability and retention efficiencies of cold-seep symbiotic mussels. Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1833–1839.

Pingree, R.D. and Pennycuik, L. (1975). Transfer of heat, fresh water and nutrients through the seasonal thermocline. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 55, 261–274.

Pingree, R.D., Holligan, P.M., Mardell, G.T., and Head, R.N. (1976). The influence of phys ical stability on spring, summer and autumn phytoplankton blooms in the Celtic Sea. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 56, 845–873.

Pingree, R.D. (1979). Baroclinic eddies bordering the Celtic Sea in late summer. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 59, 689–698.

Pingree, R.D., Bowman, M.J., and Esaias, W.E. (1978a). Headland fronts. In Oceanic Fronts in Coastal Processes (ed. M.J. Bowman and W.E. Esaias), pp. 78–86. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Pingree, R.D., Holligan, P.M., and Mardell, G.T. (1978b). The effects of vertical stability on phytoplankton distributions in the summer on the northwest European shelf. Deep-Sea Res. 25, 1011–1028.

Platt, T. and Subba Rao, D.V. (1975). Primary production of marine microphytes. In Photosynthesis and Productivity in Different Environments (ed. J.P. Cooper), pp. 249–280. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Platt, T. and Sathyendranath, S. (1988). Oceanic primary production: estimation by remote sensing at local and regional scales. Science 241, 1613–1620.

Pond, S. and Pickard, G.L. (1983). Introductory Dynamical Oceanography, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford.

Price, J.F., Weller, R.A., and Schudlich, R.R. (1987). Wind-driven ocean currents and Ekman transport. Science 238, 1534–1538.

Provenzano, A.J., McConaugh, J.R., Philips, K.B., Johnson, D.F., and Clark, J. (1983). Vertical distribution of first stage larvae of the blue crab Callinectes sapidus at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 16, 489–499.

Pritchard, D.W. (1967). What is an estuary: physical viewpoint. In Estuaries (ed. G.H. Lauff), pp. 52–63. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC.

Pritchard, D.W. (1989). Estuarine classification: a help or hindrance? In Estuarine Circulation (ed. B.J. Neilson, A. Kuo, and J. Brubaker), pp. 1–38. Humana Press, Clifton, NJ.

Purba, N.P., Khan, A.M.A. (2019). Upwelling session in Indonesia waters. WNOFNS (25), 72-83.

Purcell, E.M. (1977) Life at low Reynolds number. Am. J. Physics 45, 3–11.

Rattray, M. and Hansen, D.V. (1962). A similarity solution for circulation in an estuary. J. Mar. Res. 20, 121–133.

Reidenbach MA, Koseff JR, Monismith SG, Steinbuck JV, Genin A. (2006). The effects of waves and morphology on mass transfer within branched reef corals. Limnol Oceanogr 51:1134–1141.

Rendell, A.R., Horrobin T.M., Jickells, T.D., Edmunds, H.M., Brown, J., and Malcolm, S.J. (1997). Nutrient cycling in the Great Ouse Estuary and its impact on nutrient fluxes to the Wash, England. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 45, 653–668.

Richards, F.A. (ed.) .(1981). Coastal Upwelling. American Geophysical Union. Washington, DC. 529 pp.

Richman, J.G., de Szoeke, R.A., and Davis, R.E. (1987). Measurements of near-surface shear in the ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 92 (C3), 2851–2858.

Ridgwell, A.J. and Watson, A.J. (2002). Feedback between aeolian dust, climate and atmo spheric CO2 in glacial times. Paleoceanography 17, 4, 1059; doi: 10.1029/2001PA000729.

Riisgård, H.A., Poulsen, L., and Larsen, P.S. (1996). Phytoplankton reduction in near bottom water caused by filter-feeding Nereis diversicolor– implications for worm growth and population grazing impact. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 141, 47–54.

Riley, G.A. (1941). Plankton studies. IV: Georges Bank. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 7, 1–73.

Riley, G.A. (1942). The relationship of vertical turbulence and spring diatom flowering. J. Mar. Res. 5, 67–87.

Riley, G.A., Stommel, H., and Bumpus, D.F. (1949). Quantitative ecology of the plankton of the western North Atlantic. Bull. Bingham Oceanogr. Coll. 12, 1–169.

Roman, M.R. and Boicourt, W.C. (1999). Dispersion and recruitment of crab larvae in the Chesapeake Bay plume: physical and biological controls. Estuaries 22, 563–574.

Rothschild, B.J. (1988). Biodynamics of the sea: the ecology of high dimensionality systems. In Towards a Theory on Biological–Physical Interactions in the World Ocean (ed. B.J. Rothschild), pp. 527–548. Kluwer, Dordrecht.

Rothschild, B.J. and Osborn, T.R. (1988). Small-scale turbulence and plankton contact rates. J. Plankton Res. 10, 465–474.

Rowe, P.M. and Epifanio, C.E. (1994). Flux and transport of larval weakfish in Delaware Bay, USA. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 110, 115–120.

Ruddick B, Kerr O. (2003). Oceanic thermohaline intrusions: theory. Prog Oceanogr 56:483-497.Saiz, E., Alcaraz, M., and

Paffenhofer, G.-A. (1992). Effect of small-scale turbulence on feeding rate and gross growth efficiency of three Acartia species. J. Plankton Res. 14, 1085–1097.

Sanford, E., Bermudez, D., Bertness, M.D., and Gaines, S.D.(1994). Flow, food supply, and acorn barnacle population dynamics. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 104, 49–62.

Shushkina, E.A. (1985). Production of principal ecological groups of plankton in the epipelagic zone of the ocean. Oceanology 25, 653–658.

Siegel, H., Gerth, M., and Muztke, A. (1999). Dynamics of the Oder river plume in the south ern Baltic Sea: satellite data and numerical modeling. Cont. Shelf Res. 19, 1143–1159.

Simpson JH. (1971). Density stratification and microstructure in the western Irish Sea. Deep-Sea Res I 18:309-319

Simpson, J.H. and Hunter, J.R. (1974). Fronts in the Irish Sea. Nature 250, 404–406.

Simpson, J.H. (1981). The shelf-sea fronts: implications of their existence and behaviour. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 302, 531–546.

Simpson JH, Bowers D. (1981). Models of stratification and frontal movement in shelf seas. Deep-Sea Res 28A (7):727- 738.

Simpson JH, Nunes RA .(1981). The tidal intrusion front: an estuarine convergence zone. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 13(3): 257-266.

Sissenwine, M.P., Cohen, E.B., and Grosslein, M.D. (1984). Structure of the Georges Bank ecosystem. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 183, 243–254.

Skreslet, S. (1986). The Role of Freshwater Outflow in Coastal Marine Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 453 pp.

Sorokin, Y.I., Sukhanova, I.N., Konolova, G.V., and Pavelyeva, E.B. (1975). Primary pro duction and phytoplankton in the area of equatorial divergence in the equatorial Pacific. Trans. Inst. Oceanol. 102, 108–122.

Stacey, M.W., Pond, S., and LeBlond, P.H. (1986). A wind-forced Ekman spiral as a good statistical fit to low frequency currents in a coastal strait. Science 233, 470–472.

Steele, J.H. and Yentsch, C.S. (1960). The vertical distribution of chlorophyll. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. UK 39, 217–226.

Stewart, R.H. (2008). Introduction to Physical Oceanography. Texas A & M University

Stocking, J. B., Rippe, J. P., & Reidenbach, M. A. (2016). Structure and dynamics of turbulent boundary layer flow over healthy and algae-covered corals. Coral Reefs, 35(3), 1047–1059.

Strickler, J.R. (1984). Sticky water: a selective force in copepod evolution. In Trophic Interactions within Aquatic Ecosystems (ed. D.G. Meyers and J.R. Strickler), pp. 187–242. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Washington, DC.

Stramska, M. and Dickey, T.D. (1993). Phytoplankton blooms and the vertical structure of the upper ocean. J. Mar. Res. 51, 819–842.

Sundby, S. and Fossum, P. (1990). Feeding conditions of Arcto-Norwegian cod larvae compared with the Rothschild–Osborne theory on small-scale turbulence and plankton contact rates. J. Plankton Res. 12, 1153–1162.

Sverdrup, H.U. (1953). On conditions for the vernal blooming of phytoplankton. J. Cons. Perm. Int. Exp. Mer. 18, 287–295.

Trager, G.C., Hwang, J.S., and Strickler, J.R. (1990). Barnacle suspension feeding in variable flow. Mar. Biol. 105, 117–127.

Trujillo, A.P and Thurma H.V. (2011). Essentials of Oceanography 10th ed. Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. New York. 551.46 dc22.

Trumble, R.J., Mathisen, O.A., and Stuart, D.W. (1981). Seasonal food production and con sumption by nekton in the northwest African upwelling system. In Coastal Upwelling (ed. F.A. Richards), pp. 458–463. Am. Geophys. Union, Washington, DC.

Tsuda, A. and 25 other authors. (2003). A mesoscale iron enrichment experiment in the west ern subarctic Pacific induces a large scale centric diatom bloom. Science 300, 958–961.

Turner, J.S. (1973). Buoyancy Effects in Fluids. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Uda M. (1938). Researches on “siome” or current rip in the seas and oceans. Geophys Mag 11:307-372

Ullman DS, Cornillon PC .(2001). Continental shelf surface thermal fronts in winter off the northeast US coast. Con Shelf Res 21:1139-1156.

Van der Maarel, M.J.E.C., Sprenger, W., Haanstra, R.J., Forney, L.J. (1999). Detection of methanogenic archaea in seawater particles and the digestive tract of a marine fish species. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 173, 189–194.

Vedel, A. (1998). Phytoplankton depletion in the benthic boundary layer caused by suspension-feeding Nereis diversicolor (Polychaeta): grazing impact and the effect of temperature. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 163, 125–132.

Vinogradov, M.E. (1981). Ecosystems of equatorial upwellings. In Analysis of Marine Ecosystems (ed. A.R. Longhurst), pp. 69–93. Academic Press, New York.

Vogel, S. (1996). Life in Moving Fluids: the Physical Biology of Flow. 2nd edn. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ. 467 pp.

Warsidah, Risko, Saputra, D. W., Muliadi, Zibar, Z. dan Susiati, H. (2021). Sebaran Sedimen Berdasarkan Analisis Parameter Ukuran Butir di Muara Sungai Sambas Kalimantan Barat. JURNAL GEOLOGI KELAUTAN, 19(2):61-71.

Watson, A.J., Bakker, D.C.E., Ridgwell, A.J., Boyd, P.W., and Law, C.S. (2000). Effect of iron supply on Southern Ocean CO2 uptake and implications for glacial atmospheric CO2 . Nature 407, 730–733.

Watts, L.J., Sathyendranath, S., Caverhill, C., Maass, H., Platt, T., and Owens, N.J.P. (1999). Modelling new production in the northwest Indian Ocean region. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 183, 1–12.

Weinstein, M.P., Weiss, S.L., Hodson, R.G., and Gerry, L.R. (1980). Retention of three taxa of postlarval fishes in an intensely flushed tidal estuary, Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Fish. Bull. 78, 419–435.

White, F.M. (1988). Heat and Mass Transfer. Addison-Wesley, New York.

Wildish, D.J. and Kristmanson, D.D. (1984). Importance to mussels of the benthic bound ary layer. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 41, 1618–1625.

Williams, R., Conway, D.V.P., and Hunt, H.G. (1994). The role of copepods in the plank tonic ecosystems of mixed and stratified waters of the European shelf seas. Hydrobiologia 292, 521–530.

Wood, L. and Hargis, W.J. (1971). Transport of bivalve larvae in a tidal estuary. In 4th European Marine Biology Symposium (ed. D.J. Crisp), pp. 21–44. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Wright LD, Coleman JM .(1971). Effluent expansion and interfacial mixing in the presence of a salt wedge, Mississippi River Delta. J Geophys Res 76(36):8649-8661.

Wright, L.D., Schaffner, L.C., and Maa, J.P.-Y. (1997). Biological mediation of bottom bound ary layer processes and sediment suspension in the lower Chesapeake Bay. Mar. Geol. 141, 27–50.

Wyrtki, K. (1962). The upwelling in the region between Java and Australia during the south-east monsoon. Aust. J. Mar. Freshwater Res. 13, 217–225.

Wyrtki, K. (1964). Upwelling in the Costa Rica dome. Fish. Bull. US 63, 335–372.

Yamazaki, H., Osborn, T.R., and Squires, K.D. (1991). Direct numerical simulation of planktonic contact in turbulent flow. J. Plankton Res. 13, 629–644.

Yanagi T. (1980). A coastal front in the Sea of Iyo. J Oceanogr Soc Japan 35:253-260

Yanagi T, Koike T.(1987). Seasonal variation in thermohaline and tidal fronts, Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Con Shelf Res 7(2):149 160.

Yen, J., and Strickler, J.R. (1996). Advertisement and concealment in the plankton: what makes a copepod hydrodynamic conspicuous? Invertebr. Biol. 115, 191–205.

Zibar Z. (2017). Proses Fisik Musiman Di Zona Rofi (Region Of Freshwater Influence) Muara Sungai Cimandiri Teluk Pelabuhan Ratu. [tesis].

Zibar Z, Nurjaya I W and Natih M N. (2018). Seasonally physical characteristics of ROFI zone (Region of Freshwater Influence) in Pelabuhan Ratu Bay IOP Conf. Ser. Earth. Environ. Sci 176 p 1 11.

Zibar Z., Nurjaya I W., Saputra R., Alimuddin, Gustian F., Paputungan M.S. (2022). ROFI Zone (Region of Freshwater Influence) and Its Impact on Total Dissolved Solids in the Coastal District of Sukadana Kayong Utara. JAGI. 6, 652-657.

Diterbitkan

2025-07-16