MENGELOLA HUTAN, MENGELOLA KARBON: Perhutanan Sosial dalam Pusaran Ekonomi Iklim

Penulis

  • Nusrah Rusadi, Aisjah Rachmawaty Ryadin, Nurhikmah, Ahmad Sundoko, Frenly Marvi Selanno, Shofiyah, Fitriyanti Kaliky, Sukriati Andesti Lamanda, Kletus Florianus Sera Gare, Rini Pratiwi Penulis

Kata Kunci:

MENGELOLA HUTAN, MENGELOLA KARBON: Perhutanan Sosial dalam Pusaran Ekonomi Iklim

Abstrak

Buku ini mengeksplorasi peran strategis perhutanan sosial dalam mengelola hutan dan karbon sebagai bagian dari solusi perubahan iklim global. Ekosistem Hutan dan Siklus Karbon Global dijelaskan sebagai fondasi memahami nilai ekologis dan ekonomi hutan. Masyarakat Lokal sebagai Pelaku Utama ditekankan dalam pengelolaan hutan berkelanjutan, didukung oleh teknologi pemantauan karbon yang inovatif untuk akuntabilitas. Buku ini mengulas skema pendanaan dan insentif karbon, termasuk perdagangan karbon dan pembayaran jasa lingkungan, serta mengembangkan model bisnis berkelanjutan di perhutanan sosial. Aspek adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim dibahas untuk memperkuat ketahanan komunitas. Tata kelola dan kelembagaan diurai sebagai kunci keberhasilan, sementara pendidikan dan kapasitas masyarakat ditingkatkan untuk mengoptimalkan pengelolaan hutan dan karbon. Buku ini membahas strategi pemasaran hasil hutan berbasis nilai tambah dan keberlanjutan. Dengan pendekatan multidisiplin, buku ini menjadi panduan bagi praktisi, akademisi, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam menjembatani ekologi, ekonomi, dan keadilan sosial.

Referensi

Abidin, J. Z. (2023). Tata kelola industri kelapa sawit berkelanjutan dalam mendukung ketahanan energi nasional. Journal of Agrosociology and Sustainability, 1(1).

Adib, M. (2025). PERHUTANAN SOSIAL-Konsep, Praktik, serta Dampaknya Pada Masyarakat dan Lingkungan. Airlangga University Press.

Afandi, A., Susilo, H., & Asmara, A. (2023). Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Perhutanan Sosial: Studi Kasus di Hutan Kemasyarakatan Lampung Barat. Jurnal Sumberdaya Hutan, 11(1), 24–35.

Affandi, O. (2019). Analisis kelembagaan implementasi perhutanan sosial di Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Inovasi, 16(2), 139-162.

Alusiola, R. A., Schilling, J., & Klär, P. (2021). Redd+ conflict: Understanding the pathways between forest projects and social conflict. Forests, 12(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/f12060748

Anees, S. A., Mehmood, K., Khan, W. R., Sajjad, M., Alahmadi, T. A., Alharbi, S. A., & Luo, M. (2024). Integration of machine learning and remote sensing for above ground biomass estimation through Landsat-9 and field data in temperate forests of the Himalayan region. Ecological Informatics, 82, 102732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2024.102732

ANU Communications & Engagement. (2023, November 23). Plants release more carbon dioxide into atmosphere than expected. Australian National University. https://www.anu.edu.au/news/ all-news/plants-release-more-carbon-dioxide-into-atmosphere-than-expected

Apps, M., Bhatti, J., & Bernier, P. (2005). Forests in the global carbon cycle. In CRC Press eBooks (pp. 175–200). https://doi.org/10.1201/9780849330971.ch9

Aprilia, R. (2025). The potential of carbon sequestration in community forests for climate change mitigation and disaster risk reduction. ASEAN Natural Disaster Mitigation and Education Journal

Arisaputra, M. I. (2019). Penerapan Prinsip- Prinsip Good Governance Dalam Penyelenggaraan Reforma Agraria di Indonesia. Jurnal Yuridika, 2(2).

Aryal, K., Maraseni, T., Rana, E., Prasad, B., Krishna, H., Lal, P., Chandra, S., Zhang, H., & Timilsina, R. (2024). Land Use Policy Carbon emission reduction initiatives : Lessons from the REDD + process of the Asia and Pacific region. Land Use Policy, 146(July), 107321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2024.107321.

Babu, S., Singh, R., Avasthe, R., Kumar, S., Rathore, S., Singh, V., Ansari, M., Valente, D., & Petrosillo, I. (2023). Soil carbon dynamics under organic farming: Impact of tillage and cropping diversity. Ecological Indicators.

Badan Pusat Statistik. (2015). Analisis rumah tangga sekitar kawasan hutan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Pusat statistik.

Bappenas, 2019, Kementerian PPN/Bappenas Berikan Penghargaan Pembangunan Daerah 2019 Untuk Pemerintah Daerah Dengan Perencanaan Pembangunan Terbaik.

Bates, S. (2023, December 22). NASA satellites help quantify forests’ impacts on global carbon Budget - NASA. NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/science-research/earth-science/nasa-satellites-help-quantify-forests-impacts-on-global-carbon-budget /#:~:text=Forests%20around%20the%20world%20are,from%20the%20entire%20United%20States

BC MFLNRO. (2017). The state of forest carbon in British Columbia. Government of British Columbia. http://www2.gov.bc.ca/ assets/gov/environment/natural-resource-stewardship/nrs-climatechange/adaptation/state_of_forest_carbon_feb_8_2017.pdf

BC Ministry of Forests, Mines and Lands. (2010). The state of British Columbia’s forests, 3rd ed. Forest Practices and Investment Branch, Victoria, B.C. http://www2.gov.bc.ca/ assets/gov/environment/research-monitoring-andreporting/ reporting/envreportbc/archived-reports/sof_2010.pdf

Beillouin, D., Corbeels, M., Demenois, J., Berre, D., Boyer, A., Fallot, A., Feder, F., & Cardinael, R. (2023). A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene. Nature Communications, 14.

Bergquist, P., Mildenberger, M., & Stokes, L. C. (2020). Combining climate, economic, and social policy builds public support for climate action in the US. Environmental Research Letters, 15(5), 54019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab81c1

Betz, R., Michaelowa, A., Castro, P., Kotsch, R., Mehling, M., Michaelowa, K., & Baranzini, A. (2022). The Carbon Market Challenge. In The Carbon Market Challenge (Vol. 7818). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009216500.

Bisht, S., Bargali, S. S., Bargali, K., Rawat, G. S., Rawat, Y. S., & Fartyal, A. (2022). Influence of Anthropogenic Activities on Forest Carbon Stocks—A Case Study from Gori Valley, Western Himalaya. Sustainability, 14(24), 16918. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416918

Boisvenue, C., & White, J. (2019). Information Needs of Next-Generation Forest Carbon Models: Opportunities for Remote Sensing Science. Remote Sensing, 11(4), 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11040463

Bonan, G. (2023). Carbon sequestration. In Cambridge University Press eBooks (pp. 157–167). https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108601559. 014

Bongso, C. (2024). Indonesia-Norway Cooperation: Efficacy in Reducing Emissions From Deforestation and Degradation (2010-2022). Indonesian Journal of International Relations, 8(2), 353–374. https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v8i2.593.

Braga, J. P., & Ernst, E. (2022). Financing the green transition . The role of macro-economic policies in ensuring a just transition. Frontiers in Climate.

Brockerhoff, E. G., Barbaro, L., Castagneyrol, B., Forrester, D. I., Gardiner, B., González-Olabarria, J. R., Lyver, P. O., Meurisse, N., Oxbrough, A., Taki, H., Thompson, I. D., Van Der Plas, F., & Jactel, H. (2017). Forest biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. Biodiversity and Conservation, 26(13), 3005–3035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-017-1453-2

Budi, B., Kartodihardjo, H., Nugroho, B., & Mardiana, R. (2021). Implementation of social forestry policy: A review of community access.

Byrne, K. A. and Green, C. (2004) “The role of forests in the global carbon cycle and in climate change policy.”, Irish Forestry. Available at: https://journal.societyofirishforesters.ie/index.php/forestry/article/view/9945.

Cattino, M., & Reckien, D. (2021). Does Public Participation Lead To More Ambitious And Transformative Local Climate Change Planning? Current Opinion In Environmental Sustainability.

Chen, Y., Feng, X., Fu, B., Ma, H., Zohner, C. M., Crowther, T. W., Huang, Y., Wu, X., & Wei, F. (2023). Maps with 1 km resolution reveal increases in above- and belowground forest biomass carbon pools in China over the past 20 years. Earth System Science Data, 15(2), 897–910. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-897-2023

Chorito, A. B., & Assefa, E. (2024). Actors participation and power relations of REDD+ implementation in Bale Eco Region, Ethiopia. Climate Policy, 24(8), 1065–1079.

Climate Council. (2024, December 24). Deforestation and climate change. Climate Council. https://www.climatecouncil.org.au/ deforestation/#:~:text=Trees%20and%20other%20plants%20absorb,of%20heat%2Dtrapping%20carbon%20dioxide.

Corbera, E., & Brown, K. (2010). Offsetting Benefits? Analyzing Access To Forest Carbon. Environment And Planning A, 42, 1739 - 1761.

Daryanto. (2011). Manajemen Pemasaran. Cetakan I. Bandung: Satu Nusa.

de Almeida, D. R. A., Almeyda Zambrano, A. M., Broadbent, E. N., Wendt, A. L., Foster, P., Wilkinson, B. E., Salk, C., Papa, D. de A., Stark, S. C., Valbuena, R., Gorgens, E. B., Silva, C. A., Brancalion, P. H. S., Fagan, M., Meli, P., & Chazdon, R. (2020). Detecting successional changes in tropical forest structure using GatorEye drone‐borne lidar. Biotropica, 52(6), 1155–1167. https://doi.org/10.1111/btp.12814

Desk, T. L. (2024, November 5). 7 types of forests found around the world. The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/etimes/ trending/7-types-of-forests-found-around-the-world/ photostory/114988251.cms

Dewi, I. N. (2018). Kemiskinan masyarakat sekitar hutan dan program perhutanan sosial. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan, 15(2), 65-77.

Dewi, R. A., & Sari, M. (2024). Analisis strategi promosi bisnis UMKM coffee shop dengan menggunakan media sosial (Studi kasus: Triple Seven Pangkalpinang). Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen, 2(2), 78–85

Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Provinsi Banten. (2023). Potensi dan manfaat hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK). https://dlhk.bantenprov.go.id/storage/dlhk/upload/article/2023/Tulisan_Potensi_dan_Manfaat_HHBK

Direktorat Jenderal Perhutanan Sosial. (2023). Pedoman Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.

Direktorat Jenderal Perhutanan Sosial. (2023). Pedoman Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan.

Dupuits, E., & Cronkleton, P. (2020). Indigenous tenure security and local participation in climate mitigation programs: Exploring the institutional gaps of REDD+ implementation in the Peruvian Amazon. Environmental Policy and Governance, 30(4), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1888

Dymond, C.C. (2012). Our logs’ story from truck to product. BC Forest Science Program Extension Note 107, Victoria, BC. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/Docs/En/En107.htm

Dymond, C.C. and Spittlehouse, D.L. (2009). Forests in a carbon-constrained world. BC Forest Science Program Extension Note 92, Victoria, BC. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfd/pubs/ Docs/En/En92.htm

Efendy, A., Santoso, H., & Lestari, D. (2023). Resolusi Konflik Tenurial Hutan Melalui Pendekatan Kolaboratif: Studi Kasus di Kalimantan. Jurnal Sosial Kehutanan, 17(1), 65–82.

Environment and Climate Change Canada. (2016). Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory. Government of Canada. https://www.ec.gc.ca/ges-ghg/default.asp?lang=En&n=83A34 A7A

FAO (2015). Agroforestry for landscape restoration: Exploring the potential agroforestry to enhance the sustainability and resilience of degraded landscapes. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://www.fao.org/publications

FAO. (2010). Key findings Newest information and knowledge about the world ’ s. America, 106, 12.

FAO. (2019). Finance and Investments. In REED+ finance and investment (pp. 62–72). https://doi.org/10.4135/9781544352879.n12

FAO. (2023). Forest products annual market review 2023–2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. https://openknowledge.fao.org/items/0966581f-f8ad-42bd-a69c-8ffcd9ee325d

FAO. 2011. Framework for Assessing and Monitoring Forest Governance. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Roma.

Fatmawati, D. (2021). Islam and Local Wisdom in Indonesia. Journal of Sosial Science. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v2i1.82.

Fermana, R dan Sarjan, M. (2024). Peran Kearifan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam Berkelanjutan: Perspektif Global. Scientica: Jurnal Ilmiah Sains dan Tekonologi. Vol.3, No.2, hal.315-329.

Ferraz da Silva, P. I. (2022). Capacity building as the cornerstone of the climate change regime: evolution of the agenda through a policy-practitioner view from Brazil. Climate Policy, 22(5), 687–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2022.2074351.

Fisher, M. R., Moeliono, M., Mulyana, A., Yuliani, E. L., Adriadi, A., Kamaluddin, ... & Sahide, M. A. K. (2018). Assessing the new social forestry project in Indonesia: Recognition, livelihood and conservation? International Forestry Review, 20(3), 346-361. https://doi. org/10.1505/146554818824063014

Fitriani, H., Wulandari, C., & Siscawati, M. (2020). Evaluasi Program Perhutanan Sosial: Tantangan dan Rekomendasi Kebijakan. Jurnal Analisis Kebijakan Kehutanan, 17(2), 135–150.

Fu, Y., He, H. S., Hawbaker, T. J., Henne, P. D., Zhu, Z., & Larsen, D. R. (2019). Evaluating k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) Imputation Models for Species-Level Aboveground Forest Biomass Mapping in Northeast China. Remote Sensing, 11(17), 2005. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11172005

Gabrys, J., Westerlaken, M., Urzedo, D., Ritts, M., & Simlai, T. (2022). Reworking the political in digital forests: The cosmopolitics of socio-technical worlds. Progress in Environmental Geography, 1(1–4), 58–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/27539687221117836

Gao, L., Chai, G., & Zhang, X. (2022a). Above-Ground Biomass Estimation of Plantation with Different Tree Species Using Airborne LiDAR and Hyperspectral Data. Remote Sensing, 14(11), 2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112568

Gao, L., Chai, G., & Zhang, X. (2022b). Above-Ground Biomass Estimation of Plantation with Different Tree Species Using Airborne LiDAR and Hyperspectral Data. Remote Sensing, 14(11), 2568. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14112568

Garcia, B., Rimmer, L., Vieira, L. C., & Mackey, B. (2021). REDD+ and forest protection on indigenous lands in the Amazon. Review of European, Comparative and International Environmental Law. https://doi.org/10.1111/REEL.12389.

Gatto, A., & Sadik-Zada, E. R. (2024). REDD+ in Indonesia: An assessment of the international environmental program. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05368-w.

Ghabban, M. (2025). The impact of marketing mix (7Ps) on customer satisfaction in the healthcare sector: A study of demographic and professional correlations. Journal of Marketing Communications, 31(2), 123–145.

Grebner, D. L., Bettinger, P., Siry, J. P., & Boston, K. (2021). Ecosystem services. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 153–171). https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-819002-9.00006-7

Griscom, B. W., Adams, J., Ellis, P. W., Houghton, R. A., Lomax, G., Miteva, D. A., Schlesinger, W. H., Shoch, D., Siikamäki, J. V., Smith, P., Woodbury, P., Zganjar, C., Blackman, A., Campari, J., Conant, R. T., Delgado, C., Elias, P., Gopalakrishna, T., Hamsik, M. R., … Fargione, J. (2017). Natural climate solutions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 114(44), 11645–11650. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710465114

Guariguata, M. R., García-Fernández, C., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Herrero-Jauregui, C., Cronkleton, P., & Ingram, V. (2010). Compatibility of timber and non-timber forest product management in natural tropical forests: perspectives, challenges, and opportunities. Forest Ecology and Management, 259(3), 237-245.

Gunawan, H., Yeny, I., Karlina, E., Suharti, S., Murniati, Subarudi, Mulyanto, B., Ekawati, S., Garsetiasih, R., & Pratiwi. (2022). Integrating social forestry and biodiversity conservation in Indonesia. Forests, 13(12), 2152.

Hansen, E., & Juslin, H. (2020). Chapter 2: Understanding forest products marketing. In Strategic Marketing in the Global Forest Industries (3rd ed.). Oregon State University.

Harris, N. and Gibbs, D. (2022). Forest Carbon Stocks | World Resources Institute Research. (2022). https://gfr.wri.org/biodiversity-ecological-services-indicators/forest-carbon-stocks#:~:text=The% 20world's%20forests%20store%20approximately,and%205%20percent%20in%20litter.&text=In%20total%2C%20this%20is%20equivalent,current%20annual%20fossil%20fuel%20emissions.

Hengl, T., De Jesus, J. M., Heuvelink, G. B. M., Gonzalez, M. R., Kilibarda, M., Blagotić, A., Shangguan, W., Wright, M. N., Geng, X., Bauer-Marschallinger, B., Guevara, M. A., Vargas, R., MacMillan, R. A., Batjes, N. H., Leenaars, J. G. B., Ribeiro, E., Wheeler, I., Mantel, S., & Kempen, B. (2017). SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0169748. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169748

Hilman, I., & Sunaedi, N. (2018). Revitalization of local wisdom for the environmental education. Geosfera Indonesia, 2, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v2i1.7459.

Houghton, R. (2003). The contemporary carbon cycle. In Elsevier eBooks (pp. 473–513). https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/08168-8

https://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/Synthesis.html

Huang, H.-C., Xu, J., & Lim, A. (2021). Marketing mix optimization with practical constraints. arXiv preprint arXiv:2101.03663. https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.03663

Huang, W., Dolan, K., Swatantran, A., Johnson, K., Tang, H., O’Neil-Dunne, J., Dubayah, R., & Hurtt, G. (2019a). High-resolution mapping of aboveground biomass for forest carbon monitoring system in the Tri-State region of Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware, USA. Environmental Research Letters, 14(9), 095002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2917

Huang, W., Dolan, K., Swatantran, A., Johnson, K., Tang, H., O’Neil-Dunne, J., Dubayah, R., & Hurtt, G. (2019b). High-resolution mapping of aboveground biomass for forest carbon monitoring system in the Tri-State region of Maryland, Pennsylvania and Delaware, USA. Environmental Research Letters, 14(9), 095002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab2917

Hurtt, G., Zhao, M., Sahajpal, R., Armstrong, A., Birdsey, R., Campbell, E., Dolan, K., Dubayah, R., Fisk, J. P., Flanagan, S., Huang, C., Huang, W., Johnson, K., Lamb, R., Ma, L., Marks, R., O’Leary, D., O’Neil-Dunne, J., Swatantran, A., & Tang, H. (2019). Beyond MRV: high-resolution forest carbon modeling for climate mitigation planning over Maryland, USA. Environmental Research Letters, 14(4), 045013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab0bbe

Hyvönen, R., Ågren, G. I., Linder, S., Persson, T., Cotrufo, M. F., Ekblad, A., Freeman, M., Grelle, A., Janssens, I. A., Jarvis, P. G., Kellomäki, S., Lindroth, A., Loustau, D., Lundmark, T., Norby, R. J., Oren, R., Pilegaard, K., Ryan, M. G., Sigurdsson, B. D., . . . Wallin, G. (2007). The likely impact of elevated [CO2], nitrogen deposition, increased temperature and management on carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems: a literature review. New Phytologist, 173(3), 463–480. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1469-8137.2007.01967.x

Ibrahim., Ratag, S.P., & Pangemanan E.F.S. (2021). Kearifan Lokal dalam Sistem Agroforestri di Kelurahan Kambo Kota Palopo. Cocos. Vol.13, No.2. https://doi.org/10.35791/cocos.v3i3.32934

Iman, M. N., & Arifin, M. (2024). Dampak Perhutanan Sosial Terhadap Perubahan Sosial Ekonomi Di Kampung Intu Lingau Kecamatan Nyuatan Kabupaten Kutai Barat. eJournal Pembangunan Sosial, 12(4), 16-28

Indriyanto. (2006). Ekologi Hutan. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2022). Climate change 2022: Impacts, adaptation and vulnerability (Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the IPCC). Cambridge University Press. https://www.Ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/

IPPC. (2014). IPCC, 2012: Summary for Policymakers. In Planning for Climate Change. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351201117-15.

Jamasy, O., Pranoto, Y., & Yasin, A. P. (2025). Konsep Dan Model Pendampingan Berkelanjutan Untuk Organisasi Berbasis Masyarakat. Pt Kimhsafi Alung Cipta.

Jejakfakta.com. (2023, 26 Oktober). Ritual Andingingi Masyarakat Adat Ammatoa Kajang, Doa Keselamatan Pengelolaan Alam. Diakses pada 27 Mei 2025, dari https://jejakfakta.com/read/4263/ritual-andingingi-masyarakat-adat-ammatoa-kajang-doa-keselamatan-pengelolaan-alam

Jha, A., & Misra, A. K. (2024). A robust role of carbon taxes towards alleviating carbon dioxide: a modeling study. Journal of Engineering Mathematics, 144(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10665-023-10327-x.

Judijanto, L., Asmaret, D., Septima Ridwan, A., & Utomo, B. (2024). Legality and Implications of International Law on Cooperation between Indonesia and Norway in the Environmental Sector. Jurnal Smart Hukum , 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55299/jsh.v3i1.896.

Kanellos, N., Karountzos, P., Giannakopoulos, N. T., Terzi, M. C., & Sakas, D. P. (2024). Digital marketing strategies and profitability in the agri-food industry: Resource efficiency and value chains. Sustainability, 16(14), 5889. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16145889

Kaufmann D, Kraay A. 2007. Governance Indicators: Where Are We, Where Should We Be Going? The World Bank Research Observer. 23:1–30.

Kauppi, P. E., Stål, G., Arnesson-Ceder, L., Sramek, I. H., Hoen, H. F., Svensson, A., Wernick, I. K., Högberg, P., Lundmark, T., & Nordin, A. (2022). Managing existing forests can mitigate climate change. Forest Ecology and Management, 513, 120186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2022.120186

Kementerian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup. (2018). Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Perhutanan Sosial dan Kemitraan Lingkungan Nomor P.2 Tahun 2018 tentang Pedoman Pengembangan Usaha Perhutanan Sosial.

Kementerian Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup. (2021). Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.09 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Perhutanan Sosial.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. 2016. Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor P.83/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/10/2016 tentang Perhutanan Sosial.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia. 2021. Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Nomor 9 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Perhutanan Sosial.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2016). Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 83 tahun 2016 tentang Perhutanan Sosial.

Kementerian Lingkungan hidup dan Kehutanan. (2020). Peta Indikatif dan Alokasi Perhutanan Sosial (Revisi V) – Keptusan Menteri SK 2111/MENLHK-PKTL/REN/PLA.0/4/2020.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2020). Potensi dan peran strategis hutan Indonesia dalam pembangunan berkelanjutan. Jakarta: KLHK Press.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2022). Keputusan Nomor SK.168/MENLHK/PKTL/PLA.1/2/2022 tentang Indonesia’s Forestry And Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030 Untuk Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Dan Kehutanan, 34–41.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2022). Laporan Perhutanan Sosial 2022. Jakarta: Kementerian LHK.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2022). Laporan Perhutanan Sosial 2022. Jakarta: Kementerian LHK.

Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2023). Laporan Kinerja KLHK 2023. Laporan Kinerja Ditjen Tanaman Pangan Tahun 2022, 229. https://tanamanpangan.pertanian.go.id/assets/front/uploads/document/LAKIN DJTP 2022_UPDATE ATAP (2).pdf

Khan, I. A., Khan, W. R., Ali, A., & Nazre, M. (2021). Assessment of Above-Ground Biomass in Pakistan Forest Ecosystem’s Carbon Pool: A Review. Forests, 12(5), 586. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12050586

Kimmins, J. P. (2003, September). Forest ecosystem management: an environmental necessity, but is it a practical reality or simply an ecotopian ideal. In XII World Forestry Congress.

Köhl, M., Neupane, P. R., & Mundhenk, P. (2020). REDD+ measurement, reporting and verification – A cost trap? Implications for financing REDD+MRV costs by result-based payments. Ecological Economics, 168(April 2019), 106513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.106513.

Kollert, W., Sandeep, S., & Sreelakshmy, M. P. (2024). Global teak resources and market assessment 2022. IUFRO World Series Volume 44. Vienna: International Union of Forest Research Organizations

Kompas.com/Nurwahidah. (2020, 06 September). Rumah Adat Kajang Ammatoa Bulukumba, Wajib Kenakan Pakaian Serba Hitam. Diakses pada 26 Mei 2025, dari https://travel.kompas.com/image/2020/09/16/140800927/rumah-adat-kajang-ammatoa-bulukumba-wajib-kenakan-pakaian-serba-hitam

Kowasch, M., Oettel, J., Bauer, N., & Lapin, K. (2022). Forest Education As Contribution To Education For Environmental Citizenship And Non-Anthropocentric Perspectives. Environmental Education Research, 28, 1331 - 1347.

Kurniawan, M. A., Hidayat, T., & Radiah, E. (2018). Kelembagaan Sosial Peladang Berpindah Di Kecamatan Batang Alai Timur Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Tengah. Frontier Agribisnis, 2(2), 7-12.

Kurz, W. A., Dymond, C. C., Stinson, G., Rampley, G. J., Neilson, E. T., Carroll, A. L., Ebata, T., & Safranyik, L. (2008). Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. Nature, 452(7190), 987–990. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06777

Kusuma, R., & Santoso, H. (2020). Peran Masyarakat Lokal dalam Pengendalian Deforestasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Kehutanan Tropika, 12(1), 35-47.

Latifah, H., Nirwana., & Syamsia. (2022). Identifikasi dan Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) Masyarakat Adat Suku Kajang Kabupaten Bulukumba Sulawesi Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Silvikultur ke-VIII. Universitas Lampung.

Lauknes, T. R. (2023). Rockslide Mapping in Norway by Means of Interferometric SAR Time Series Analysis. NORCE.

Lee, S., Meyer, G., Foord, V. N., Spittlehouse, D. L., Burton, P. J., Jassal, R. S., & Black, T. A. (2024). Disruption and recovery of carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange over British Columbia forests after natural and human disturbance. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 355, 110128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet. 2024.110128

Lestari, P. D., & Wulandari, C. (2022). Kapasitas Kelembagaan dan Keberlanjutan Program Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Hutan Lestari, 10(2), 85–97.

Locatelli, B., Pavageau, C., Pramova, E., & Di Gregorio, M. (2015). Integrating climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture and forestry: Opportunities and trade-offs. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews : Climate Change, 6 (6), 585-598. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.357

Luintel, H., Bluffstone, R. A., & Scheller, R. M. (2018). The effects of the Nepal community forestry program on biodiversity conservation and carbon storage. PLoS One, 13(6), e0199526.

Ma, L., Hurtt, G., Tang, H., Lamb, R., Lister, A., Chini, L., Dubayah, R., Armston, J., Campbell, E., Duncanson, L., Healey, S., O’Neil‐Dunne, J., Ott, L., Poulter, B., & Shen, Q. (2023). Spatial heterogeneity of global forest aboveground carbon stocks and fluxes constrained by spaceborne lidar data and mechanistic modeling. Global Change Biology, 29(12), 3378–3394. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16682

Mahbub, M.A.S., Ibrahim T., Nurhikmah., & Asrianny. (2018). Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Kajang dalam Memanfaatkan Hutan dan Hasil Hutan. Makassar: Fakultas Kehutanan Universitas Hasanuddin.

Mahbub, M.A.S., Ridwan, M., & Iswara, G. (2018). Penguatan Kapasitas Kelompok Tani Hutan Pada Peningkatan Mutu Produk dan diversifikasi produk Perlebahan di Desa Bontokaraeng Kabupaten Bantaeng. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LP2M) Universitas Hasanuddin.

Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia. 2012. Putusan Nomor 35/PUU-X/2012 tentang Pengujian Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 terhadap UUD 1945.

Makkarennu, M., Alam, S., & Pratiwi, R. (2022). Pengelolaan Dan Kontribusi Hhbk Kemiri Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat Di Kphl Selayar. PERENNIAL, 18(2), 29-38.

Maryudi, A. (2016). Arah tata hubungan kelembagaan kesatuan pengelolaan hutan (KPH) di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 10(1), 57-64.

Marzali, A. (2015). Antropologi & kebijakan publik. Prenada Media.

Mbow, C., van Noordwijk, M., Luedeling, E., Neufeldt, H., Minang, P. A., & Kowero, G. (2014). Agroforestry solutions to address food security and climate change challenges in Africa. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 6, 61–67. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosus.2013.10.014

Melanidis, M. (2017, April). Forest Ecosystems and the Carbon Cycle [Journal-Article]. Forest Ecosystems and the Carbon Cycle. https://climatesolutions.ca/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ 02_forestecosystems_final.pdf

Ménard, I., Thiffault, É., Kurz, W., & Boucher, J. (2022). Carbon sequestration and emission mitigation potential of afforestation and reforestation of unproductive territories. New Forests, 54, 1013-1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-022-09955-5.

Miles, W. B. (2021). The invisible commodity: Local experiences with forest carbon offsetting in Indonesia. Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space, 4(2), 499–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/2514848620905235

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2005). Ecosystems and human well-being: Synthesis. Island Press.

Mira. (2022, July 29). Sistem Drone LiDAR: 5 Penggunaan UAV Yang Dilengkapi LiDAR. HALO Robotics.

Mohanty, B. K. (2024). Opportunities of Renewable Energy Financing in India. The Management Accountant Journal, 59(6), 26–30. https://doi.org/10.33516/maj.v59i6.26-30p.

Ms, V. C. (2023). The Role of the Voluntary Carbon Market in Scaling Impact Globally - An Analysis of Recent Trends. 9(2).

Mukul, S. A., Rashid, A. Z. M. M., & Uddin, M. B. (2022). Consumption and marketing pattern of non-timber forest products in a rapidly changing world: Insights from North-Eastern Bangladesh. In Non-Wood Forest Products of Asia (pp. 205–220). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99313-9_9

Mulyani, Y., & Hartanto, S. (2021). Penguatan Kearifan Lokal dalam Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 8(2), 120-133.

Mulyani, Y., & Hartanto, S. (2021). Penguatan Kearifan Lokal dalam Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 8(2), 120-133.

Musari, K. (2021). Green Sukuk, Islamic Green Financing: A Lesson Learned From Indonesia. In O. Olarewaju & I. Ganiyu (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Climate Change and the Sustainable Financial Sector (pp. 1-16). IGI Global Scientific Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7967-1.ch001.

Mustamu, S., Hatulesila, J., & Mardiatmoko, G. (2024). Pendampingan Masyarakat Desa Hutan (Binaan Pt. Wwi) Dalam Penerapan Metode Pengukuran Cadangan Karbon Di Desa Wapsalit Kabupaten Buru. Maanu: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat.

Mustamu, S., Hatulesila, J., & Mardiatmoko, G. (2024). Pendampingan Masyarakat Desa Hutan (Binaan Pt. Wwi) Dalam Penerapan Metode Pengukuran Cadangan Karbon Di Desa Wapsalit Kabupaten Buru. Maanu: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat.

Musthafa, M., & Singh, G. (2022). Improving Forest Above-Ground Biomass Retrieval Using Multi-Sensor L- and C- Band SAR Data and Multi-Temporal Spaceborne LiDAR Data. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/ffgc.2022.822704

Naik, P., Dalponte, M., & Bruzzone, L. (2021). Prediction of Forest Aboveground Biomass Using Multitemporal Multispectral Remote Sensing Data. Remote Sensing, 13(7), 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071282

NASA Earth Observatory. (2011, June 16). The carbon cycle. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/features/CarbonCycle

Natural Resources Canada. (2016). Forest Carbon. Government of Canada. http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/climate-change/ forest-carbon/13085

Niken, P., Alimuddin, L., & Harianti, H. (2016). Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu sebagai Bahan Obat oleh Masyarakat Sekitar Kawasan Tahura Nipa-Nipa (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Mangga Dua, Kota Kendari. Jurnal Ecogreen, No.2, Vo.1,hal. 41-50.

NOAA (2024, June 16). What is the carbon cycle? National Ocean Service website. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/carbon-cycle.html# transcript

NOAA Team, G. W. (2009). Basics of the Carbon Cycle - NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory. https://gml.noaa.gov/education/carbon _toolkit/#:~:text=On%20a%20scale%20spanning%20decades,the%20air%20and%20in%20soils.

NOAA. (2025, February 25). Carbon cycle. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. https://www.noaa.gov/ education/resource-collections/climate/carboncycle#:~:text= Rocks%20like%20limestone%20and%20fossil,it%20into%20these%20natural%20resources.

Nofyanza, S., Dwisatrio, B., Atmadja, S., Moeliono, M., & Pham, T. T. (2023). Towards Indonesian carbon market: Input from REDD+ projects. CIFOR.

Norman, C. (2023, August). How forests store carbon. https://extension.psu.edu/how-forests-store-carbon

Nuraeny, T.D.A., Qomar, N., & Kausar. (2023). Resolusi Konflik Tenuarial di Kawasan Hutan Desa Pemandang Kecamatan Rokan IV Koto Kabupaten Rokan Hulu. Jurnal Hutan Tropis, Vol.7, No.2, hal.183-191.

Nurhidayah, A., Sari, D. P., & Wibowo, A. (2021). Tantangan Implementasi Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Alam, 14(1), 45-59.

Nurhidayah, A., Sari, D. P., & Wibowo, A. (2021). Tantangan Implementasi Perhutanan Sosial di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Sumberdaya Alam, 14(1), 45-59.

Nurhikmah. (2018). Strategi Pengembangan Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di Desa Gunung Silanu Kecamatan Bangkala Kabupaten Jeneponto. Tesis. Pascasarjana Ilmu Kehutanan. Fakultas Kehutanan. Universitas Hasanuddin.

Ogunsola, O. Y., Adebayo, Y. A., & Dienagha, I. N. (2024). Strategic framework for integrating green bonds and other financial instruments in renewable energy financing. Gulf Journal of Advance Business Research, 5294, 461–472.

P.H., M., B., C., & M.F., G. (2011). REDD+ politics in the media: A case study from Brazil. REDD+ Politics in the Media: A Case Study from Brazil. https://doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003423

Paembonan, S. A. (2012). Hutan tanaman dan serapan karbon. MasagenaPress. Makassar.

Pambudi, A. S. (2023). Capaian, tantangan implementasi, dan rekomendasi kebijakan perhutanan sosial di indonesia. Jurnal Kebijakan Pemerintahan, 74-94.

Pan, Y., Birdsey, R. A., Fang, J., Houghton, R., Kauppi, P. E., Kurz, W. A., Phillips, O. L., Shvidenko, A., Lewis, S. L., Canadell, J. G., Ciais, P., Jackson, R. B., Pacala, S. W., McGuire, A. D., Piao, S., Rautiainen, A., Sitch, S., & Hayes, D. (2011). A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science, 333(6045), 988–993. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1201609

Papa, C., Clay, K., Cooper, L., & Stark, S. (2025). Science-Based Communication And Education Needed To Improve Forest Carbon Science, Policy, And Management Outcomes. Environmental Research Letters.

Parrone, N. M. (2022). Limate olicy rief. South Centre, 12.

Partnership for Governance Reform. (2011). Mendorong Percepatan Program Hutan Kemasyarakatan dan Hutan Desa. Jakarta Selatan: The Partnership for Governance Reform.

Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. (2021) Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia tentang Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

Peterson St-Laurent, G.P. and Hoberg, G. (2016). Climate change mitigation options in British Columbia’s forests: A primer. Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions, UBC Faculty of Forestry, 1-26. http://carbon.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2012/01/Primer_Climate-Change-Mitigation-Options-in-BC_.pdf

Pohan, R.M., Purwoko, A., & Martial, T. (2014). Kontribusi Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu dari Hutan Produksi Terbatas bagi Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Masyarakat. Peronema Forestry Science Journal. Vol.3, No.2.

Pratiwi, R. (2022). Pengelolaan dan Kontribusi HHBK Kemiri Terhadap Pendapatan Masyarakat di KPHL Selayar= Management And Contribution Of Candlenut NTFPs To Community Income In KPHL Selayar (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Hasanuddin).

Pratiwi, S.P., Kagungan, D., & Sulistio, E.B. (2020). Strategi Pembinaan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat dalam Pemanfaatan Hutan Kemasyarakatan. Administrativa: Journal Birokrasi, Kebijakan, dan Pelayanan Publik. Vo.2, No.3.

Purba, A., Herlina, H., & Siahaan, J. (2020). Meaning and function of local wisdom in the proverb (limbaga) Simalungun. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute-Journal (BIRCI-Journal). https://doi.org/10.33258/BIRCI.V3I4.1456.

Purchase, S., & Volery, T. (2020). Marketing innovation: A systematic review. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(9-10), 763–793. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2020.1774631

Purnawan, E. I., Segah, H., & Jemi, R. (2024). POTENSI KREDIT KARBON DAN SRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN PERDAGANGAN KARBON DI INDONESIA (STUDI KASUS PADA HKm BATU BULAN, KABUPATEN GUNUNG MAS, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TENGAH). Agrienvi: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 18(1), 10–19.

Pusat Studi Lingkungan Hidup Universitas Gadjah Mada. (2022). Peranan masyarakat adat dalam konservasi lingkungan. https://pslh.ugm.ac.id/peranan-masyarakat-adat-dalam-konservasi-lingkungan/

Putri, R., Sari, M., & Ramadhan, A. (2022). Dampak Perhutanan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan, 9(3), 215-230.

Putri, R., Sari, M., & Ramadhan, A. (2022). Dampak Perhutanan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat. Jurnal Pengelolaan Lingkungan, 9(3), 215-230.

Rachmawan, D., Seda, F. S. S. E., & Siburian, R. (2021). Melengkapi analisa teori akses dengan pendekatan kolaboratif pada konteks program Perhutanan Sosial: studi kasus Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Rawa Sakti, Pemalang. Jurnal Kawistara, 11(2), 156-173.

Raharjo, S. A. S., Hastanti, B. W., & Haryanti, N. (2020). Dinamika kelembagaan perhutanan sosial di wilayah Pehutani: Studi kasus di KPH Telawa, Jawa Tengah. Politika, 11(2), 2.

Rahayu, E. M., & Triwanto, J. (2021). Penyuluhan perhutanan sosial di Kelompok Tani Hutan Kota Malang. Budimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 3(2), 548–558.

Rakatama, A., & Pandit, R. (2020). Reviewing social forestry schemes in Indonesia: Opportunities and challenges. Forest policy and economics, 111, 102052.

Ramadhan, A., Kusuma, R., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Adaptasi Perhutanan Sosial terhadap Perubahan Iklim. Jurnal Ekologi dan Lingkungan, 15(2), 110-123.

Ramadhan, A., Kusuma, R., & Sari, D. P. (2021). Adaptasi Perhutanan Sosial terhadap Perubahan Iklim. Jurnal Ekologi dan Lingkungan, 15(2), 110-123.

Reed, J., van Vianen, J., Deakin, E. L., Barlow, J., & Sunderland, T. (2016). Integrated landscape approaches to managing social and environmental issues in the tropics: Learning from the past to guide the future. Global Change Biology, 22 (7), 2540–2554. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13284

Republik Indonesia. 1999. Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 167.

Republik Indonesia. 2007. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2007 tentang Tata Hutan dan Penyusunan Rencana Pengelolaan Hutan serta Pemanfaatan Hutan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2007 Nomor 22.

Republik Indonesia. 2008. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 3 Tahun 2008 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 6 Tahun 2007. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2008 Nomor 16.

Resosudarmo IAP, Tacconi L, Sloan S, Hamdani FAU, Subarudi, Alviya I, Muttaqin MZ. 2019. Indonesia’s land reform: Implications for local livelihoods and climate change. Forest Policy and Economics, 108(August 2018), 101903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2019.04.007

Restrepo-Mieth, A., Perry, J., Garnick, J., & Weisberg, M. (2023). Community-Based Participatory Climate Action. Global Sustainability, 6.

Rini, R. P., Zakiyah, A. M., Sila, S. A. R., & Adzkia, U. (2024). Analisis Penerimaan Usaha Kenari di Desa Onto Kecamatan Bontomatene Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar. Pangale: Journal of Forestry and Environment, 4(2), 1-11.

Roy, S., Mudi, S., Das, P., Ghosh, S., Shit, P. K., Bhunia, G. S., & Kim, J. (2021). Estimating Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Tree Density using Sentinel-1 Data (pp. 259–280). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56542-8_11

Saeed, A., Noreen, U., & Azam, A. (2021). Does CSR Governance Improve Social Sustainability and Reduce the Carbon Footprint : International Evidence from the Energy Sector. Sustainability.

Sahide, M. A. K., Jusuf, Y., Alam, S., Millang, S., Mahbub, A. S., Bachtiar, B., ... & Yahya, N. H. (2018). Kajian dampak perhutanan sosial Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Fakultas Kehutanan, Universitas Hasanuddin.

Santika, T., Meijaard, E., Budiharta, S., Law, E. A., Kusworo, A., Hutabarat, J. A., Indrawan, T. P., Struebig, M., Raharjo, S., & Huda, I. (2017). Community forest management in Indonesia: Avoided deforestation in the context of anthropogenic and climate complexities. Global Environmental Change, 46, 60–71.

Santoro, M., Cartus, O., Carvalhais, N., Rozendaal, D. M. A., Avitabile, V., Araza, A., de Bruin, S., Herold, M., Quegan, S., Rodríguez-Veiga, P., Balzter, H., Carreiras, J., Schepaschenko, D., Korets, M., Shimada, M., Itoh, T., Moreno Martínez, Á., Cavlovic, J., Cazzolla Gatti, R., … Willcock, S. (2021). The global forest above-ground biomass pool for 2010 estimated from high-resolution satellite observations. Earth System Science Data, 13(8), 3927–3950. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3927-2021

Sari, D. P., Wibowo, A., & Mulyani, Y. (2021). Pengembangan Kelembagaan Masyarakat dalam Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Kehutanan, 16(1), 50-67.

Sari, D. P., Wibowo, A., & Mulyani, Y. (2021). Pengembangan Kelembagaan Masyarakat dalam Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Kehutanan, 16(1), 50-67.

Sari, M., Andriani, N., & Supriyadi, H. (2021). Peran Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga pada Program Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 11(1), 22–31.

Sayer, J., Sunderland, T., Ghazoul, J., Pfund, J. L., Sheil, D., Meijaard, E., van Oosten, C., … & Buck, L. E. (2013). Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110 (21), 8349–8356. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1210595110

Seymour, F., & Busch, J. (2016). Why forests? Why now?: The science, economics, and politics of tropical forests and climate change. Brookings Institution Press.

Sharma, D. (2024, December 11). How do forests sequester and absorb carbon? Musim Mas. https://www.musimmas.com/resources/ blogs/how-do-forests-sequester-and-absorb-carbon/#:~:text= Regulating%20the%20world's%20carbon%20cycle,the%20soil%20through%20their%20roots.

Shivakoti, B. R., Lopez-casero, F., Maraseni, T., & Pokharel, K. (2021). Capacity building at community forestry level for synergistic implementation of NDCs ’ adaptation and. APN Science Bulletin, 11(1), 113–124. https://doi.org/10.30852/sb.2021.1652.

Simarmata, R. (2024) The The Current Updates of the Progresses and the Challenges of Recognition of Customary Forests in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan, 18(2), 142-152.

Simonet, G., Subervie, J., Ezzine‐de‐Blas, D., Cromberg, M., & Duchelle, A. E. (2019). Effectiveness of a REDD+ project in reducing deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 101(1), 211–229.

Sinclair F.L & D.H Walker. (1998). Acquring Qualitative Knowledge about ComplexAgroecosystems. Part 1: Representation as Natural Language. Agricultural System, 56 (3): 341-363.

Skutsch, M. (2005). Reducing Carbon Transaction Costs In Community-Based Forest Management. Climate Policy, 5, 433 - 443.

Skutsch, M. (2005). Reducing Carbon Transaction Costs In Community-Based Forest Management. Climate Policy, 5, 433 - 443.

Smyth, C.E., Rampley, G.J., Lemprière, T.C., Schwab, O., and Kurz, W.A. (2016). Estimating product and energy substitution benefits in national-scale mitigation analyses for Canada. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 1-14. https://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/ publications?id=37087

Steel, D., Desroches, C., & Mintz‐Woo, K. (2022). Climate Change And The Threat To Civilization. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, 119.

Streck, P. C., Focus, C., & Strasse, S. (2020). Who Owns REDD + ? Carbon Markets , Carbon Rights and Entitlements to REDD + Finance. July, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11090959.

Sugiarto, A., Utaya, S., Sumarmi, N., Bachri, S., & Shrestha, R. P. (2024). Estimation of carbon stocks and CO2 emissions resulting from the forest destruction in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Environmental Challenges, 17, 101010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024. 101010

Suharjito, D., Rahayu, N.H., Kartika, N., Arsyad, A.A., & Meilantina, M. (2023). Perhutanan Sosial Sinergitas Lintas Sektor dan Multi Pihak. Bogor: Penerbit IPB Press.

Suharta, Nata. (2010). Karakteristik dan Permasalahan Tanah Marginal dari Batuan Sedimen Masam di Kalimantan. Jurnal Litbang Penelitian, Vol. 29, No.4.

Sunaryo dan Joshi, L. (2003). Peranan Pengetahuan Ekologi Lokal dalam Sistem Agroforestri. Bogor: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).

Syahputra, O. H. (2022). Masa depan kedaulatan pangan: dukungan agroforestri dalam produksi pangan melalui perhutanan sosial. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pertanian, 4(1), 255–266.

T.M., K., Pal, S., Chand, P., & Kandpal, A. (2023). Carbon sequestration potential of agroforestry systems in Indian agricultural landscape: A Meta-Analysis. Ecosystem Services.

Tian, J., Dungait, J., Hou, R., Deng, Y., Hartley, I., Yang, Y., Kuzyakov, Y., Zhang, F., Cotrufo, M., & Zhou, J. (2024). Microbially mediated mechanisms underlie soil carbon accrual by conservation agriculture under decade-long warming. Nature Communications, 15.

Toha, M., Wihadanto, A., & Nurhasanah, N. (2023). Dampak perhutanan sosial terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar hutan dalam mendukung kelestarian hutan di kota Tarakan. ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis, 7(2), 133.

Trison, S., Mujaddid, I., Ichwandi, I., Kurnia, T.D., & Refani, A. (2024). Pemasaran Hasil Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (Studi Kasus Hutan Kemasyarakatan Solok Radjo, Nagari Aie Dingin, Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat. Journal of Indonesian Forest Management, Vol. 01 No. 1, hal. 32–46.

UNECE. (2024). Forest products annual market review 2023–2024. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. https://unece.org/sites/default/files/2024-11/2413966E_FPAMR24_WEB.

US EPA. (2025, May 20). Climate change impacts on forests . US EPA. https://www.epa.gov/climateimpacts/climate-change-impacts-forests

Van Noordwijk, M., Lusiana, B., & Leimona, B. (2022). People, trees and climate: Co-investment in sustainable land use. World Agroforestry (ICRAF) and CIFOR. https://www.worlagroforestry.org/publication

Van Otten, N. (2024, May 6). Support Vector Machines (SVM) In Machine Learning Made Simple & How To Tutorial. Spot Intelligence.

Village, C., & Subditsrict, S. (2017). Peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan kelompok tani dalam pengembangan usahatani agroforestry: Studi kasus di desa Cukangkawung, kecamatan Sodonghilir, kabupaten Tasikmalaya, provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Penelitian Sosial dan Ekonomi Kehutanan Vol, 14(1), 1-17.

Vorster, A. G., Evangelista, P. H., Stovall, A. E. L., & Ex, S. (2020). Variability and uncertainty in forest biomass estimates from the tree to landscape scale: the role of allometric equations. Carbon Balance and Management, 15(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-020-00143-6

Wibowo, A., Nurhidayah, A., & Putri, R. (2020). Pendanaan dan Infrastruktur dalam Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Pembangunan Pedesaan, 7(4), 140-153.

Wibowo, A., Nurhidayah, A., & Putri, R. (2020). Pendanaan dan Infrastruktur dalam Perhutanan Sosial. Jurnal Pembangunan Pedesaan, 7(4), 140-153.

Wijaya, S., Hartanto, S., & Kusuma, R. (2023). Konservasi Hutan melalui Perhutanan Sosial di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, 11(1), 78-92.

Wijaya, S., Hartanto, S., & Kusuma, R. (2023). Konservasi Hutan melalui Perhutanan Sosial di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan, 11(1), 78-92.

Wijayanti, T., Permana, R. P., & Suyanto, S. (2023). Evaluasi Dukungan Pendampingan dalam Percepatan Perhutanan Sosial di Sumatera. Jurnal Dinamika Kehutanan, 15(2), 45–58.

World Bank. (2020). *Carbon markets and climate finance: A landscape of global practices*. The World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org

World Resources Institute Research. (2025). Data and Methods. https://gfr.wri.org/data-methods#carbon-stocks

Yanai, R. D., Wayson, C., Lee, D., Espejo, A. B., Campbell, J. L., Green, M. B., Zukswert, J. M., Yoffe, S. B., Aukema, J. E., Lister, A. J., Kirchner, J. W., & Gamarra, J. G. P. (2020). Improving uncertainty in forest carbon accounting for REDD+ mitigation efforts. Environmental Research Letters, 15(12), 124002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abb96f

Yuliani, E., Sari, M., & Ramadhan, A. (2022). Hubungan Sosial Budaya dan Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari. Jurnal Antropologi Lingkungan, 5(2), 85-98.

Yuliani, E., Sari, M., & Ramadhan, A. (2022). Hubungan Sosial Budaya dan Pengelolaan Hutan Lestari. Jurnal Antropologi Lingkungan, 5(2), 85-98.

Zhang, F., Tian, X., Zhang, H., & Jiang, M. (2022). Estimation of Aboveground Carbon Density of Forests Using Deep Learning and Multisource Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing, 14(13), 3022. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14133022

Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., & Wang, X. (2024). Empowering forestry management and farmers' income growth through digital economy participation: Evidence from forest regions in China. Forests, 15(11), 1998. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15111998

Zheng, H., Miao, C., Huntingford, C., Tarolli, P., Li, D., Panagos, P., Yue, Y., Borrelli, P., & Van Oost, K. (2025). The impacts of erosion on the carbon cycle. Reviews of Geophysics, 63(1). https://doi.org/10.1029/2023rg000829

Zhou, J., Zhou, Z., Zhao, Q., Han, Z., Wang, P., Xu, J., & Dian, Y. (2020). Evaluation of Different Algorithms for Estimating the Growing Stock Volume of Pinus massoniana Plantations Using Spectral and Spatial Information from a SPOT6 Image. Forests, 11(5), 540. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11050540

Zulkarnain, A. A. (2021). Strategi Kebijakan Percepatan Perhutanan Sosial Di Provinsi Riau. Journal of Governance Innovation, 3(2), 172-188.

Diterbitkan

2025-09-15

Cara Mengutip

MENGELOLA HUTAN, MENGELOLA KARBON: Perhutanan Sosial dalam Pusaran Ekonomi Iklim. (2025). Penerbit Kamiya Jaya Aquatic. https://kjaquatic.com/index.php/penerbitkamiyajayaaquatic/article/view/101

Artikel Serupa

41-50 dari 93

Anda juga bisa Mulai pencarian similarity tingkat lanjut untuk artikel ini.